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Among people who quit smoking and start again within one month (i.e., relapsers), the intensity of their urge to smoke never abates and their level of self-efficacy—confidence that they can abstain—was unrelated to urge to smoke upon quitting. At 24 hours after quitting, relapsers and successful quitters showed a similar positive association between urge to smoke and negative emotions, such as frustration, anger, irritation, or sadness; this association diminished over the course of two weeks for both groups. For successful quitters, their level of self-efficacy showed an expected negative association with urge to smoke. In . . .

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