Growth in federal government spending on health care increased 36.0% in 2020 (see National Health Expenditures 2020 Highlights and National Health Expenditures by type of service and source of funds, CY 1960-2020). This included financial assistance to provider organizations to make up for lost revenue through the Provider Relief Fund ($122 billion in 2020) and the Paycheck Protection Program ($53 billion in 2020). There was also a significant increase in federal public health spending ($114.9 billion), including spending for vaccine development, COVID testing, and health facility preparedness. While the final numbers for 2021 government spending are not . . .

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Juvenile Justice

The juvenile justice system refers to the services and supports provided to children under the age of 18 who are involved with the justice system. The juvenile justice system is focused on moving services from treatment facilities to the community, focusing on diversion, and providing age-appropriate treatment.


Kentucky Governor Andy Beshear is enhancing safety at the state’s Department of Juvenile Justice (DJJ) facilities by signing two emergency regulations on September 25, 2025, the state announced. The emergency regulations update housing policies to support juvenile access to mental health care. The updates are the first in 20 years and are part of the administration’s broader efforts to improve outcomes for second chances. The two emergency regulations address restrictive housing policies, formerly known as… Read