In fiscal year (FY) 2013, total spending by federal, state, and local jurisdictions in support of children and family services was $30.4 billion. Historically, the federal government accounts for just under half of all spending on children and family services; states contribute around 40%; and local agencies contribute around 12%. Almost 60% of federal funding for children and family services is open-ended and unrestricted, but 40% comes from capped entitlements—including TANF-funded family preservation and secondary prevention services—and is vulnerable to continuing federal deficit negotiations. In 2012, child protective agencies (CPS) received an estimated 3.4 . . .