Open any newspaper, business, economics, or professional magazine and the word collaboration is visibly noted in headlines, article titles, editorials, and even in advertisements. Its virtues are extolled. The nursing and health services management literature, and to a lesser extent medical literature, on collaboration is extensive. Many researchers have validated the benefits of collaboration to include improved patient outcomes, reduced length of stay, cost savings, increased nursing job satisfaction and retention, and improved teamwork. The focus on benefits of collaboration could lead one to think that collaboration is a favorite approach to providing patient care, leading organizations, educating future health . . .