“A woman still has to be twice as good as a man in order to get half as far.” This observation was shared by novelist Fannie Hurst in a speech in 1943.

The question: Has anything changed? A new 60-year longitudinal survey of executives – What 60 Years Of Data Reveals About How Men & Women Experience Leadership – would suggest not much. Twenty years ago, men and women answered nearly identically when asked whether women are judged more critically in executive roles, with approximately 35% of each group agreeing. Today, men still answer at 35%, but women answer at 90%.

And 83% of women believe they must be more exceptional than men to succeed, compared with 28%…